Seconda parte della guida ai comandi Linux.
Da "quota" a "zcat"

* Q * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
quota
The quotha manager, handle the amount of space a user can consume upon a system Sintassi: quota [ options ] Opzioni: -u [ user ] Get the quotas for the specified user -g [ group ] Get the quotas for the specified group Examples: quota Get the quota for the current user -----------------------------------------------------------------------
quotacheck
Scan all the partition to update the files quota.user and quota.group, its good to do this at boot time Sintassi: quotacheck [ options ] [{< partition >|< mount-point >}...] Opzioni: -u Scan user quota (default) -g Scan group quota -a Scan all the partition into /etc/fstab -R Scan all the partition into /etc/fstab except "/" (root) Examples: quotacheck /dev/hdb2 quotacheck /mnt/disco2 quotacheck -avug -----------------------------------------------------------------------
quotaon
Enable quota manager Sintassi: quotaon [ options ] [{< partition >|< mount-point >}...] Opzioni: -u Enable user quota -g Enable group quota -a Enbale quota according to /etc/fstab Examples: quotaon /dev/hdb2 quotaon /mnt/disco2 quotaon -avug Questo corrisponde all'utilizzo normale del programma, per attivare la gestione delle quote in tutte le partizioni montate e registrate nel file /mnt/disco2 come soggette al controllo delle quote, sia degli utenti che dei gruppi. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
quotaoff
Disable quota manager Sintassi: quotaoff [ options ] [{< partition >|< mount-point >}...] Opzioni: same a "quotaon" -----------------------------------------------------------------------
* R * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rarp
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
rcp
Remote copy of file between computer -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rdev
Utility to set parameters into a kernel image Sintassi: < ] options] [other kernel_image [ [options]> Esempi: rdev kernel_image device_name Specify a new root device rdev -R kernel_image 1 Specify to mount the root filesystem as read only rdev -R kernel_image 1 Specify to mount the root filesystem as read/write rdev -s kernel_image device_name Specify to use a default swap file rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/hdb1 Configure the image upon a floppy to mount the rootFS from the first partition onto the secondary EIDE disk -----------------------------------------------------------------------
read
Bash command to read a string from standard input Sintassi: read [-a < array > ] [-p < prompt > ] [-r] [ < variabile >... ] Opzioni: -r Parse "\" as a valid char -a < array > Fill a specified array with the parsed values -p < prompt > Output a prompt -----------------------------------------------------------------------
reboot
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
removepkg
Deinstall a Slackware Package Sintassi: removepkg [-warn] < package_name > Opzioni: "-warn" do not really remove the package only warn -----------------------------------------------------------------------
renice
Run a command at a specified priority ( "nice" ) Sintassi: renice [ [-p] ... ] [ [-g] ... ] [ [-u] ... ] Opzioni: -g Specify a group PID (PGRP) -u user Specify a user name -p Specify a PID -----------------------------------------------------------------------
repquota
repquota emit a report of the quota usage Sintassi: repquota [ options ] [{< partition >|< mount-point >}...] Opzioni: see "quotacheck" -----------------------------------------------------------------------
request-route
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
reset
Reset the terminal if a lot of strange characters appear on your screen. Sometimes this is a shell script. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rlogin
Remote Login to a computer -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rm
Remove one or more file or an entire directory tree Sintassi: rm [option] < target > Opzioni: -r | -R | --recursive Recursively delete file into a directory -i | --interactive Ask before to remove -d | --directory Threat directories as files -f | --force Ovverride the -i parameters and delete without asking any confirmation -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rmdir
Erase any specified directory Sintassi: rmdir [ options ] < directory >... Opzioni: -p | --parents Erase also the parent directory if it is empty -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rmsmod
Remove a module from the kernel Sintassi: rmmod [-r] [module_name] If the -r parameter is specified then rmmod try to 'recursively' remove all unneeded modules depending on the specified once. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rn
Newsgroup reader -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rootdev
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
route
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
rpm
RedHat Package Manager, it install, deinstall, upgrade, etc., every RedHat package Syntax (user rpm --help to gain the full help): RPM version 2.3.10 Copyright (C) 1997 - Red Hat Software This may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public License usage: --help - print this message --version - print the version of rpm being used -q - query mode --root < dir > - use < dir > as the top level directory --dbpath < dir > - use < dir > as the directory for the database install, upgrade and query (with -p) allow ftp URL's to be used in place of file names as well as the following Opzioni: Package specification Opzioni: -a - query all packages -f < file >+ - query package owning < file > -p + - query (uninstalled) package --whatprovides < i > - query packages which provide < i > capability --whatrequires < i > - query packages which require < i > capability Information selection Opzioni: -i - display package information -l - display package file list -s - show file states (implies -l) -d - list only documentation files (implies -l) -c - list only configuration files (implies -l) --dump - show all verifiable information for each file (must be used with -l, -c, or -d) --provides - list capabilities package provides --requires -R - list package dependencies --scripts - print the various [un]install scripts -V -y --pipe - send stdout to --verify - verify a package installation using the same package specification options as -q --dbpath < dir > - use < dir > as the directory for the database --root < dir > - use < dir > as the top level directory --nodeps - do not verify package dependencies --nomd5 - do not verify file md5 checksums --nofiles - do not verify file attributes --setperms - set the file permissions to those in the package database using the same package specification options as -q --setugids - set the file owner and group to those in the package database using the same package specification options as -q --install -i - install package --prefix < dir > - relocate the package to < dir >, if relocatable --dbpath < dir > - use < dir > as the directory for the database --excludedocs - do not install documentation --force - short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles -h --hash - print hash marks as package installs (good with -v) --ignorearch - don't verify package architecture --ignoreos - don't verify package operating system --includedocs - install documentation --nodeps - do not verify package dependencies --noscripts - don't execute any installation scripts --percent - print percentages as package installs --replacefiles - install even if the package replaces installed files --replacepkgs - reinstall if the package is already present --root < dir > - use < dir > as the top level directory --test - don't install, but tell if it would work or not --upgrade -U - upgrade package (same options as --install, plus) --oldpackage - upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this automatically) --erase -e - erase (uninstall) package --allmatches - remove all packages which match (normally an error is generated if specified multiple packages) --dbpath < dir > - use < dir > as the directory for the database --nodeps - do not verify package dependencies --noscripts - do not execute any package specific scripts --root < dir > - use < dir > as the top level directory -b -t - build package, where is one of: p - prep (unpack sources and apply patches) l - list check (do some cursory checks on %files) c - compile (prep and compile) i - install (prep, compile, install) b - binary package (prep, compile, install, package) a - bin/src package (prep, compile, install, package) --short-circuit - skip straight to specified stage (only for c,i) --clean - remove build tree when done --sign - generate PGP signature --buildroot < s > - use s as the build root --test - do not execute any stages --timecheck < s > - set the time check to S seconds (0 disables it) --rebuild - install source package, build binary package and remove spec file, sources, patches, and icons. --recompile - like --rebuild, but don't build any package --resign + - sign a package (discard current signature) --addsign + - add a signature to a package -K --checksig + - verify package signature --nopgp - skip any PGP signatures --nomd5 - skip any MD5 signatures --querytags - list the tags that can be used in a query format --initdb - make sure a valid database exists --rebuilddb - rebuild database from existing database --dbpath < dir > - use < dir > as the directory for the database --root < dir > - use < dir > as the top level directory -----------------------------------------------------------------------
rsh
Execute a command on a remote computer -----------------------------------------------------------------------
runlevel
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* S * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
script
Save into a text file every command you issue from the keyboard. Very usefull for making shell script Sintassi: script [-a] < file > Opzioni: "-a" Append the typed command to a pre-existing script file rather than creating a new one To quit the recording use the 'exit' command. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sdiff
Compare two files -----------------------------------------------------------------------
set
Used to set some 'bash' behavious Sintassi: set [flag] [ ... ] Flags: -a Automatically export any modified or create vars to the shell -b Immediately report the status of a teminated background job -e Immediately quit if a command return a value not zero This not work if the command is inside of a while loop, an if statement, a list "&&" o "||" or if the command was inverted with "!" -f Disable file/path globbing -h Store into a cache the position of each executable file that is run -k Export to any sub-command every local variable -m Enable Job control -n Read command without execute (used to perform syntax checks) -o
shift
Shift the program parameters of "n" positions except $0 Sintassi: shift [n] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
syslinux.exe
Make a DOS Floppy disk capable of boot linux, offering many advanced features. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
syslinux.cfg
Configuration file for syslinux Opzioni: DEFAULT linux Tell to use "linux" as default label TIMEOUT 50 Specify how many 1/10 of seconds to wait to start the default kernel To wait forever specify 0 (zero) DISPLAY INTRO.TXT Display the content of the file INTRO.TXT PROMPT 1 Ask user for something. Set to 0 to override this F1 INTRO.TXT Set the F1 key to display this text, and so on for F2, F3, ecc. LABEL linux Define a label KERNEL LINUX Specify which kernel image to load for the last labeò LABEL floppy Special label to tell to insert a new floppy with a compressed root partition ramdisk image LABEL hda1 Tell to start with the kernel on /dev/hda1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sed
Stream Editor, process text file -----------------------------------------------------------------------
set, setenv
Set an environment variable -----------------------------------------------------------------------
setfont
Load a specified font file, or the default if nothing is specified Sintassi: setfont [ options ] < font-file > -----------------------------------------------------------------------
setkeycodes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
setleds
Change the keyboard's led state Sintassi: setleds [options] [[+|-]num] [[+|-]caps] [[+|-]scroll] Opzioni: "" If you run the program with no options you will get the current settings "-D" Settings are stored so a 'reset' command will not change them "-L" Change only the led status but not his meanings. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
setserial
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
setterm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
sh -> bash
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ship
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
showfont
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
showkey
Display the keycode for every key you press. The program quit after 10 seconds of inactivity. Sintassi:showkey [ options ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
shutdown
Halt or reboot a machine Sintassi: Opzioni: "-h" halt the machine "-r" reboot the machine -----------------------------------------------------------------------
signals
*Signal* *Action* *Description* SIGHUP A The Terminal hang-up (lost connection). SIGINT A Program Interrupted (usually CTRL+C) SIGQUIT A Program Quitted. SIGILL A Illegal Instruction. SIGABRT C Program aborted (interruped by the system). SIGFPE C Floating Point Exception. SIGKILL AEF Process Killed. SIGSEGV C Segmentation Fault (You have problem with your system). SIGPIPE A Broken Pipe. SIGALRM A Timer Alarm. SIGTERM A Program Terminated (maybe with KILL -TERM ...). SIGUSR1 A User Signal 1. SIGUSR2 A User Signal 2. SIGCHLD B A child process is quit. SIGCONT If stopped, restart the execution. SIGTSTOP DEF Immediatly stop the process. SIGTSTP D Stop signal from a keyboard command. SIGTTIN D Background process who need input. SIGTTOU D Background process who need output. *Actions* A process is quitted; B signal ignored; C make a "core" dump; D process is stopped; E process cannot be catched; F process cannot be ignored. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sleep
Wait "n" seconds -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Static "ln" -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Sort a text file -----------------------------------------------------------------------
spell
Check the spelling of a text file -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Static SYNC -----------------------------------------------------------------------
stty
Change settings of the terminal Sintassi:stty [options | < configuration >] Opzioni: "-a" Show the current configuration -----------------------------------------------------------------------
su
Let you login as another user without exiting from your current console session. If no user is specified the 'root' user is used as default. Sintassi:su [ options ] [ user ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sulogin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
swapoff
Disable the use of the swap partition Sintassi:swapoff [ options ] [ device ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
swapon
Enable the use of a swap partition or file Sintassi:swapon [ options ] [ device ] Opzioni: "-a" Enable all the swap partition defined into /etc/fstab Examples: # swapon /dev/hda3 Enable the swap partition /dev/hda3. # swapon /swap1 Enable the swap file /swap1. # swapon -a Enable the swap partition specified into /etc/fstab, if any. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
switchto
switchto is used to switch the screen to another virtual console without pressing any key Sintassi: switchto [virtual console number] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sync
sync perform the flush of the file cache buffer, writing pending information to the disk Sintassi: sync [ options ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
syslogd
syslogd is the daemon that take care of booking every system event. It's configuration file is /etc/syslogd.conf Sintassi: syslogd [ options ] Options : -f < configuration file > -m < minutes > -p -----------------------------------------------------------------------
sysvbanner
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
svatextmode
SVGATextMode is used to resize the console size at any time. Its configuration file is /etc/TextConfig Sintassi: SVGATextMode[ options ] [configuration voice] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
* T * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tac
Display a file in reverse order, from the bottom to the top. tac works as the opposite of cat. See cat for command options. Sintassi: tac [ options ] [file... ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tail
Display the last lines of a file Sintassi:tail [-r] [- ] < file_name > Opzioni: "-r" view in reverse order -----------------------------------------------------------------------
talk
Talk with another user -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tar
tar (Tape ARchive) manage archive files Sintassi: tar [c|r|t|u|x|A][options][f < tar_file >] < file_names > Opzioni: "c" copy on a new file or floppy "r" copy at the end of a pre-existing archive "t" view files inside of an archive "u" Update archive with only new files "-A" Append files to a pre-existing archive "-d" Find difference between the files into the archive and the filesystem "--delete" Delete from an archive all the specified files "x" extract files from the archive "l" display an error message if the desidere file is not found "o" when extracting a file use the current user attributes instead of the orginal file owner "v" view name of the file being processed "w" ask before to copy any file "0-9" device number "f" specify the archive file name "-r" o "--append" Aggiunge dati a un archivio già esistente. "-t" o "--list" Elenca il contenuto di un archivio. "-u" o "--update" Aggiunge solo i file più recenti rispetto a quanto già contenuto nell'archivio. "-x" o "--extract" Estrae i file da un archivio. "--atime-preserve" Fa in modo che la data di accesso dei file che vengono archiviati, non venga modificata. "-f < file >" Emette l'archivio nel file o nel device. Se si tratta di un file normale, questo viene creato. "-h" o "--dereference" Non copia i link simbolici, ma i file a cui questi fanno riferimento. "-k" o "--keep-old-files" In fase di estrazione da un archivio, non sovrascrive i file eventualmente già esistenti. "-l" o "--one-file-system" Quando viene creato un archivio, resta in un solo filesystem: quello di partenza. "-L " o "--tape-length= " Definisce la dimensione massima dei vari segmenti di copia multivolume. "-m" o "--modification-time" In fase di estrazione da un archivio, non viene ripristinata la data di modifica dei file. "-M" o "--multi-volume" Permette di creare, elencare o estrarre un archivio multivolume. "-N " o "--newer " Archivia solo i file la cui data è più recente di quella indicata come argument. "-O" Estrae i file nello standard output. "-p" o "--preserve-permissions" Estrae tutti i permessi associati ai file. "-P" o "--absolute-path" Estrae i file utilizzando i percorsi assoluti, cioè senza eliminare la prima barra (/) che appare nei nomi di percorso (pathname). "--remove-files" In fase di creazione di un nuovo archivio, elimina i file archiviati. "--same-owner" Durante l'estrazione da un archivio, assegna ai file estratti le proprietà originali. "-v" o "--verbose" Elenca i file che vengono elaborati. "-W" o "--verify" Cerca di verificare la validità dell'archivio dopo averlo creato. "-Z" Filtra l'archivio attraverso il programma di compressione compress. "-z" Filtra l'archivio attraverso il programma di compressione gzip. Esempi: # tar -c -f /dev/fd0 -L 1440 -M -v /usr Archivia la directory /usr/ con tutto il suo contenuto, comprese le sottodirectory, utilizzando i dischetti (da 1440KB). Con la copia multivolume, come in questo caso, non è possibile utilizzare la compressione automatica attraverso l'opzione -z o -Z. # tar -t -f /dev/fd0 -L 1440 -M -v Visualizza l'elenco del contenuto dell'archivio fatto su dischetti. # tar -x -f /dev/fd0 -L 1440 -M -v -p --same-owner Estrae il contenuto dell'archivio su dischetti a partire dalla posizione corrente. È probabile che le options -p e --same-owner siano già predefinite a causa di una opportuna modifica fatta da chi ha realizzato la distribuzione Linux. In ogni caso vale la pena di ricordarsene. # tar -c -f /tmp/archivio.tgz -z -v /usr Archivia il contenuto della directory /usr/ nel file /tmp/archivio.tgz dopo averlo compresso con gzip -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tee
Copy text between a pipe and a file Sintassi: tee [-a] file_names Opzioni: "-a" append to the existing file instead of overwrite Exampe: find . -atime +30 | tess file.old.txt -----------------------------------------------------------------------
telinit
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
telnet
Really don't know this ??? -----------------------------------------------------------------------
test
test is used in shell script to evaluate a condition. It return 0 for TRUE or 1 for FALSE Sintassi: test < condition > Conditions: -e < file > File exist -b < file > File is a block device -c < file > File is a char device -d < file > File is a directory -f < file > File is normal -L < file > File is a symlink -p < file > File is a named-pipe -S < file > File is a socket -t [ ] File descriptor is open on the terminal -g < file > File has SGID bit set -u < file > File has SUID bit set -k < file > File has "sticky" bit set -r < file > File is readable -w < file > File is writable -x < file > File can be executed -O < file > File is owned by the current user UID -G < file > File is owned by the current user group GID -s < file > Filesize is greater than 0 -nt First file is newer than second -ot First file is older thant second -et Files are the same (hard-link) -z String is NULL -n String is not NULL == Strings are equal != Strings are different < First string come first > Second string come first -eq Equals -ne Different -lt Lower than -le Lower or equal of -gt Greater than -ge Greater or equal of ! Negation -a AND -o OR -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tic
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
time
Display the duration of a command -----------------------------------------------------------------------
times
Emette i tempi di utilizzo accumulati. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tload
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
toe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
top
Display the list of the system process and also let you manage them interactively Sintassi: top [options] Opzioni: -d Delay in seconds between updates -s Disable some commands, this is used to let top stay on a separated tty -i View "zombie" process -c View the command-line instad of only the command name Commands: q Quit top h Show top commands -----------------------------------------------------------------------
touch
Cambia la data-ora di accesso e di aggiornamento dei file. Se non viene specificata una data, viene utilizzata la data nel momento in cui viene eseguito il comando. Se il file specificato non esistone, allora viene crato vuoto. Sintassi: touch [-a] [-c] [-m] [date] < files_name > Opzioni: "-a" Viene cambiata solo la data di accesso. "-c" Non vengono creati i file che non esistono. "-m" Cambia solo la data di aggiornamento. "-r " Riproduce gli stessi dati del file indicato. "-t [[ ] [. ]]" Usa la data in argomento invece della data corrente. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tput
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
traceroute
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
trap
"trap" a signal executing a command when this happen Sintassi: trap [-l] [command] [signal] Esempi: $ trap 'ls -l' SIGUSR1 Se la shell riceve un segnale SIGUSR1 esegue ls -l. $ trap '' SIGUSR1 La shell e tutti i processi figli ignorano il segnale SIGUSR1. $ trap - Tutti i segnali specificati sono riportati al loro valore originale $ trap 'echo "bye." EXIT Il comando viene eseguito all'uscita della shell quando il segnale e' EXIT -----------------------------------------------------------------------
tree
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
troff
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
true
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
tset
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
tty
Display the name of the terminal you are current using -----------------------------------------------------------------------
type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
tune2fs
* U * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
udosctl
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ulimit
Permette di controllare le risorse disponibili dalla shell ed i suoi processi. Sintassi: ulimit [ options ] [ limite ] Opzioni: "-H" Imposta il limite hard per la data risorsa. "-S" Imposta il limite soft per la data risorsa. "-a" Sono riportati tutti i limiti correnti. "-c" La grandezza massima dei file core creati. "-d" La grandezza massima del segmento dati di un processo. "-f" La grandezza massima dei file creati dalla shell. "-m" La grandezza massima della memoria occupata. "-s" La grandezza massima dello stack. "-t" Il massimo quantitativo di tempo di CPU in secondi. "-p" La grandezza della pipe in blocchi da 512 byte "-n" Il numero massimo di descrittori di file aperti "-u" Il numero massimo di processi disponibili per un singolo user. "-v" Il massimo ammontare di memoria virtuale disponibile per la shell. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
umask
Modifica la maschera di creazione dei file dell'user. Di solito si usa il valore 022 Sintassi: umask [-S] [ modalità ] Opzioni: "-S" viene emesso il valore corrente della maschera -----------------------------------------------------------------------
umount
Smonta i filesystems Sintassi: umount [ options ] [ device ] [ directory ] Esempi: umount /floppy Dismount the FS mounted under /floppy umount /dev/fd0 Dismount the floppy Opzioni: "-a" Vengono smontati tutti i filesystem indicati in /etc/fstab. "-t [no] [,...]" Indica che l'azione deve essere eseguita solo sui filesystem specificati. Se si usa il prefisso no, l'azione si deve compiere su tutti i filesystem a esclusione di quelli indicati. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
umsmanifest
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
umssetup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
umssync
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
unalias
Rimuove l'alias indicato dalla lista degli alias definiti. Se viene fornita l'opzione -a, sono rimosse tutte le definizioni di alias. Sintassi: unalias [-a] [nome-di-alias ... ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
uname
Tell wich system you are running Sintassi: uname [-s] [-a] "-s" view only the system name "-a" view more -----------------------------------------------------------------------
uncompress -> compress
Decompress a ".Z" file Sintassi: uncompress [-c] "-c" view the compressed files without converting it -----------------------------------------------------------------------
unexpand
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
uniq
Remove lines from a text files -----------------------------------------------------------------------
unpack
Unpack a file ".z" -----------------------------------------------------------------------
uptime
Tell from how many time a system is ON ... this can be a value of different years. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
unzip
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
unzipsfx
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
update
Con questo nome, update, viene avviato il daemon che si occupa di richiedere periodicamente al kernel lo scarico della memoria cache. Sintassi: update [ options ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
useradd
Il programma useradd permette di aggiungere un nuovo utente in un sistema in cui siano attive, o meno, le password shadow. Sintassi: useradd -D [ options ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
userdel
userdel permette di eliminare un account utente Sintassi: userdel [-r] user "-r" elimina anche la directory home dell'user eliminato -----------------------------------------------------------------------
usermod
Permette di modificare alcune caratteristiche di un account utente. Sintassi: usermod [ options ] user -----------------------------------------------------------------------
users
Visualizza i nomi degli utenti attualmente collegati. users [ file ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
uuencode/uudecode
Encode/Decode a text file in order to sent him by mail with the MIME type -----------------------------------------------------------------------
uugetty
uugetty si comporta in modo analogo a getty (con la stessa sintassi e le stesse options), con la differenza fondamentale che utilizza lo stesso sistema di file di lock usati dai programmi uucp. In pratica uugetty viene usato tutte le volte che entra in gioco il modem. Sintassi: uugetty [ options ] [ [ ] ] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
* V * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
vacation
Reply to all the incoming mail message telling that you are in holyday -----------------------------------------------------------------------
vdir
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
vile
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
vi
The classic Unix text editor -----------------------------------------------------------------------

* W * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
w
Visualizza i nomi degli utenti che accedono attualmente e varie informazioni sulla loro attività. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
wait
Attende la conclusione del processo specificato e restituisce il suo stato di uscita. Sintassi: wait [n] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
wc
Count char, word into a files -----------------------------------------------------------------------
whatis
Search into the 'whatis' database, that contain info about the command system, for one or more words. The 'whatis' database is generated thru' the command 'makewhatis' -----------------------------------------------------------------------
whereis
Localizza i file binari, i sorgenti e le pagine di manuale dei file specificati nell'argument. Sintassi: whereis [ options ] < file > -----------------------------------------------------------------------
which
Simula la ricerca che farebbe la shell per avviare i programmi indicati negli argomenti e determina la posizione di quelli che verrebbero scelti. Sintassi: which ... -----------------------------------------------------------------------
who
Tell who is using a computer Sintassi: who [ options ] [< file >] [am i] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
whoami
Visualizza il nome dell'account utente che si sta' utilizzando. E' equivalente a id -un. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
write
Write a message on the screen of nother user
* Y * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
yes
A strange program used for testing, it print continuosly a letter "y" on a new line. Use CTRL+C or the kill command to stop it -----------------------------------------------------------------------
ypdomainname -> hostname
* Z * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
zcat
zcat come programma autonomo non esiste: è un link a gzip. Se gzip viene avviato con il nome zcat si comporta come se fosse stata utilizzata l'opzione -c. Il link verso gzip può essere sia simbolico che non. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
zip
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
zipnote
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
zipsplit
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------ Created in 1998 by AGX (agx(at)linux.it) http://www.linux.it/~agx/
Downladato da www.manuali.net ------------------------------------------------------------------